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Syntheses and UV–visible spectroscopic properties of two new hydrophilic 2,6‐di(carbamoyl)‐substituted solvatochromic pyridinium N ‐phenolate betaine dyes
Author(s) -
Reichardt Christian,
Röchling Andreas,
Schäfer Gerhard
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
journal of physical organic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.325
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1099-1395
pISSN - 0894-3230
DOI - 10.1002/poc.623
Subject(s) - solvatochromism , chemistry , betaine , pyridinium , aqueous solution , solvent , solvent polarity , zwitterion , organic chemistry , photochemistry , polymer chemistry , molecule
Syntheses and negative solvatochromism of t wo 2,6‐di(carbamoyl)‐substituted pyridinium N ‐phenolate betaines dyes, 3 and 4 , are described for the purpose of obtaining more hydrophilic zwitterionic dyes which are better soluble in water and other aqueous media (such as binary water–solvent mixtures or aqueous ionophore solutions) than the rather hydrophobic standard betaine dyes 1 and 2 , which have been used to establish an empirical scale of solvent polarity, called the E T ( 30 ) or $E_{\rm{T}}^{\rm{N}}$ scale. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.