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Syntheses and UV–visible spectroscopic properties of new ‘fluorophilic’ fluorine‐ and perfluoroalkyl‐substituted solvatochromic pyridinium N ‐phenolate betaine dyes
Author(s) -
Reichardt Christian,
Eschner Michael,
Schäfer Gerhard
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
journal of physical organic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.325
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1099-1395
pISSN - 0894-3230
DOI - 10.1002/poc.427
Subject(s) - solvatochromism , betaine , chemistry , pyridinium , solvent , fluorine , pyridinium compounds , photochemistry , organic chemistry
Abstract Syntheses and negative solvatochromism of three new ‘fluorophilic’ fluorine‐ and perfluoroalkyl‐substituted pyridinium N ‐phenolate betaine dyes 3 – 5 are described in order to obtain new zwitterionic dyes which should be less basic and better soluble in perfluorinated solvents than the solvatochromic standard betaine dyes 1 and 2 , used to establish an empirical scale of solvent polarity, called the E T ( 30 ) or $E_{T}^{N}$ scale. The new betaine dyes 3 – 5 were designed to allow an extension of the existing E T ( 30 ) scale to new solvents. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.