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Estimating the stability and reactivity of novel bicyclic germylenes at density functional theory
Author(s) -
Abedini Nastaran,
Kassaee Mohamad Z.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of physical organic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.325
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1099-1395
pISSN - 0894-3230
DOI - 10.1002/poc.4208
Subject(s) - chemistry , isodesmic reaction , singlet state , nucleophile , substituent , reactivity (psychology) , density functional theory , homo/lumo , denticity , electrophile , computational chemistry , crystallography , nitrogen , photochemistry , stereochemistry , medicinal chemistry , molecule , organic chemistry , catalysis , atomic physics , excited state , crystal structure , medicine , physics , alternative medicine , pathology
The effects of nitrogen substituent on stability (ΔΕ s–t ) of novel germylenes with one, two, and three germylene centers are compared and contrasted at B3LYP/6‐311++G** level of theory. These singlet and triplet germylenes ( 1 s – 18 s and 1 t – 18 t , respectively) appear as minimum on its energy surface, and the order of their stability estimated by singlet (s)–triplet (t) energy difference (ΔE s–t = E t − E s ) is 16 > 6 > 1 > 15 > 17 > 2 > 8 > 3 > 9 > 11 > 7 > 10 > 12 > 14 > 5 > 4 > 18 > 13 . Hence, every singlet germylene shows more stability than its corresponding triplet. Germylene 13 with the lowest stability (ΔE s–t = 4.31 kcal/mol) has the highest nucleophilicity (4.47 eV). Applying suitable isodesmic reactions, we show that the σ‐acceptor nitrogen substituents stabilize not only the singlet but also the triplet states with their positive ΔE. The aim of the present work is to recognize the influence of nitrogen and germylene centers on the stability and band gap (ΔΕ HOMO–LUMO ), electrophilicity ( ω ), nucleophilicity ( N ), and etc. They can be used as accumulated multidentate ligands.