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Fractional distribution of graphene oxide and its potential as an efficient and reusable solid catalyst for esterification reactions
Author(s) -
Mungse Harshal P.,
Bhakuni Niharika,
Tripathi Deependra,
Sharma Om P.,
Sain Bir,
Khatri Om P.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of physical organic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.325
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1099-1395
pISSN - 0894-3230
DOI - 10.1002/poc.3375
Subject(s) - chemistry , catalysis , graphene , oxide , adsorption , dispersion (optics) , solid acid , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , organic chemistry , infrared spectroscopy , chemical engineering , physics , optics , engineering
Graphene oxide (GrO) prepared by the Hummers method was separated into three different fractions (GrO 5000 , GrO 2000 , and GrO res ) on the basis of their dispersion stability in the water. Infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance , X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy , and elemental analyses revealed that GrO 5000 possesses a high degree of oxygen functionalities including phenolic, carboxylic, and −OSO 2 H groups, compared with the other fractions. The GrO 5000 was found to be a highly efficient and reusable solid catalyst for the esterification of various carboxylic acids with a variety of alcohols to furnish corresponding esters in high to excellent yields. The catalytic activity of the GrO 5000 was attributed to the ability of highly polar GrO 5000 scaffold to adsorb/attract reactants, where the acid functionalities of GrO 5000 facilitated the esterification process efficiently. The chemical and structural features of GrO 5000 were discussed to understand the improved catalytic activity compared with GrO 2000 and conventional solid acid catalysts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.