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Challenges in Diagnosing Sacroiliac Joint Pain: A Narrative Review
Author(s) -
Schneider Byron J.,
Rosati Renee,
Zheng Patricia,
McCormick Zachary L.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
pmandr
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.617
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1934-1563
pISSN - 1934-1482
DOI - 10.1002/pmrj.12175
Subject(s) - medicine , sacroiliac joint , physical examination , narrative review , low back pain , back pain , physical medicine and rehabilitation , physical therapy , clinical diagnosis , radiology , pathology , intensive care medicine , alternative medicine
Accurate diagnosis of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain is challenging. Diagnosis can be aided by pain referral patterns, historical features, physical examination maneuvers, and imaging. However, all of these diagnostic tools have limitations. The most reliable clinical tools may be a combination of three or more positive physical exam maneuvers, although the evidence is inconsistent even for this strategy. Intra‐articular diagnostic SIJ injections are often used as the reference standard for “true” sacroiliac pain. However, such injections do not consider extra‐articular sources of pain that may also exist as part of the sacroiliac joint complex. Research has established the posterior sacral ligaments as a possible source of pain, and the innervation of these ligaments has been anatomically defined. It is possible that by expanding our focus from the articular portion of the sacroiliac complex structure to both the joint and extra‐capsular ligaments, advancements in clinical diagnosis and treatment will be possible.