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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Age‐Related Metabolic Disorders
Author(s) -
Natarajan Venkateswaran,
Chawla Ritu,
Mah Tania,
Vivekanandan Rajesh,
Tan Shu Yi,
Sato Priscila Y,
Mallilankaraman Karthik
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
proteomics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.26
H-Index - 167
eISSN - 1615-9861
pISSN - 1615-9853
DOI - 10.1002/pmic.201800404
Subject(s) - bioenergetics , mitochondrion , mitophagy , biology , mitochondrial fusion , microbiology and biotechnology , mitochondrial fission , oxidative phosphorylation , autophagy , biochemistry , mitochondrial dna , apoptosis , gene
Aging is a natural biological process in living organisms characterized by receding bioenergetics. Mitochondria are crucial for cellular bioenergetics and thus an important contributor to age‐related energetics deterioration. In addition, mitochondria play a major role in calcium signaling, redox homeostasis, and thermogenesis making this organelle a major cellular component that dictates the fate of a cell. To maintain its quantity and quality, mitochondria undergo multiple processes such as fission, fusion, and mitophagy to eliminate or replace damaged mitochondria. While this bioenergetics machinery is properly protected, the functional decline associated with age and age‐related metabolic diseases is mostly a result of failure in such protective mechanisms. In addition, metabolic by‐products like reactive oxygen species also aid in this destructive pathway. Mitochondrial dysfunction has always been thought to be associated with diseases. Moreover, studies in recent years have pointed out that aging contributes to the decay of mitochondrial health by promoting imbalances in key mitochondrial‐regulated pathways. Hence, it is crucial to understand the nexus of mitochondrial dysfunction in age‐related diseases. This review focuses on various aspects of basic mitochondrial biology and its status in aging and age‐related metabolic diseases.