Premium
Characterization of human neural differentiation from pluripotent stem cells using proteomics/PTMomics—Current state‐of‐the‐art and challenges
Author(s) -
MeloBraga Marcella Nunes,
Meyer Morten,
Zeng Xianmin,
Larsen Martin Røssel
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
proteomics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.26
H-Index - 167
eISSN - 1615-9861
pISSN - 1615-9853
DOI - 10.1002/pmic.201400388
Subject(s) - neural stem cell , proteomics , induced pluripotent stem cell , biology , cellular differentiation , microbiology and biotechnology , stem cell , computational biology , neuroscience , neural cell , cell , embryonic stem cell , genetics , gene
Stem cells are unspecialized cells capable of self‐renewal and to differentiate into the large variety of cells in the body. The possibility to differentiate these cells into neural precursors and neural cells in vitro provides the opportunity to study neural development, nerve cell biology, neurological disease as well as contributing to clinical research. The neural differentiation process is associated with changes at protein and their post‐translational modifications (PTMs). PTMs are important regulators of proteins physicochemical properties, function, activity, and interaction with other proteins, DNA/RNA, and complexes. Moreover, the interplay between PTMs is essential to regulate a range of cellular processes that abnormalities in PTM signaling are associated with several diseases. Altogether, this makes PTMs very relevant to study in order to uncover disease pathogenesis and increase the understanding of molecular processes in cells. Substantial advances in PTM enrichment methods and mass spectrometry has allowed the characterization of a subset of PTMs in large‐scale studies. This review focuses on the current state‐of‐the‐art of proteomic, as well as PTMomic studies related to human neural differentiation from pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, some of the challenges in stem cell biology, differentiation, and proteomics/PTMomics that are not exclusive to neural development will be discussed.