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Characterization of the proteinaceous skeletal organic matrix from the precious coral Corallium konojoi
Author(s) -
Rahman M. Azizur,
Karl Kristian,
aka Masanori,
Fujimura Hiroyuki,
Shinjo Ryuichi,
Oomori Tamotsu,
Wörheide Gert
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
proteomics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.26
H-Index - 167
eISSN - 1615-9861
pISSN - 1615-9853
DOI - 10.1002/pmic.201300519
Subject(s) - biomineralization , coral , proteome , anthozoa , scleractinia , chemistry , matrix (chemical analysis) , biology , skeleton (computer programming) , stylophora pistillata , evolutionary biology , biochemistry , cnidaria , anatomy , ecology , paleontology , chromatography
The Japanese red and pink corals are known to be precious because of their commercial value resulting from their use in ornaments, jewelry, and medicine. Precious corals are very interesting models for biomineralization studies and possess two different skeletal structures: an axial skeleton and an endoskeleton (sclerites). Although it has long been known that the organic matrix proteins existing in coral skeletons are critical for the oriented precipitation of CaCO 3 crystals, these proteins in moderate deep‐sea Japanese precious corals remain uncharacterized. Therefore, in this study, we performed skeletal whole proteome analyses using 1D and 2D electrophoresis, nano‐LC, and MALDI ‐ TOF ‐ TOF MS. We identified a total of 147 functional coral skeletal organic matrix proteins (120 from the sclerites and 36 from the axial skeleton), including two calcium‐binding calmodulin. Among the organic matrix proteins identified, nine key proteins are highly typical and common in both skeletons. Strong glycosylation activity, which is essential for skeletal formation in calcifying organisms, was detected in both skeletons. This work demonstrates unique biomineralization‐related proteins in precious corals and provides the first description of the major proteinaceous components of CaCO 3 minerals in precious corals, enabling the comparative investigation of biocalcification in other octocorals.