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Abstract Paying the piper his due: Heart failure We all know we should get more exercise – “but it takes so much time”, “I get all sweaty and need a shower….” Burniston et al. created strains of rats with either low or high capacity for running (LCR, HCR) by 22 rounds of selection. Heart proteomes of these rats were analyzed using DIGE and databases. HCR had 6‐fold greater capacity and DIGE discriminated 957 spots and identified 369 spots unambiguously. HCR hearts increased all the enzymes of the β‐oxidation pathway. LCR hearts, on the other hand, showed modulation of amino acid metabolism, increased levels of catalase and a greater degree of phosphorylation of αB‐crystallin at serine 59. As a model for humans, sedentary LCR rats tend to be hypertensive, have poorer fasting blood levels of glucose, elevated insulin, free fatty acids and triacylglycerides. Sound familiar? An interesting conclusion: heart failure is a progressive combination of inheritance and environment. pp. 3369–3379One target, multiple arrows or one arrow, multiple targets? This has been a computer design question from day two, now it is a bio‐science question, phrased thus: throughput? Is it energetically more favorable to have multiple copies of an enzyme or a few high efficiency, high turnover number copies? Then there's “both, regulated by a signaling pathway” such as is run by Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF‐β). Ali and Molloy were looking for new functions of Smad4 when they found pathways independent of Smad4 but controlled by TGF‐β. The number of new phosphopeptides increased by 17‐fold after application of TiO 2 for 30 min. Included in the new cell list was cell death protein 4 (Pdcd4), hepatoma‐derived growth factor, and a number of cell division kinases. Suppressed were TRAF2 and NCK interacting protein kinase (TNIK). These were observed in colon carcinoma. pp. 3390–3401The need for nonintrusive sampling sites: Install a sampling port in your throat? That wad of “morning‐mouth” (sputum, phlegm) that coats your tonsils in the morning is a rich source of peptides and proteins. Terracciano et al. looked at the utility of induced sputum to characterize chronic lung diseases. The peptidome/proteome of induced sputum was coupled to MALDI‐TOF MS and mesoporous silica beads. Depending on the coating on the bead and the S/N, the number of peaks ranged from 200 (no beads) to 400 ( S/N >5). Proteins recognized regularly by MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS were human α‐defensins (HPN1, HPN2 and HPN3) and three C‐terminal amidated peptides. These six peptides are attracting increasing interest as a basis for defining a high‐throughput test for monitoring chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and COPD. pp. 3402–3414