Open AccessComparison of nanocrystalline cellulose dispersion versus surface nucleation in poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) crystallization
Author(s) -
Haham Hai,
Shen MoYuan,
Billington Sarah L.,
Frank Curtis W.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
spe polymers
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2690-3857
DOI - 10.1002/pls2.10011
Subject(s) - nucleation , crystallization , chemical engineering , dispersion (optics) , nanocrystalline material , materials science , cellulose , casting , crystal (programming language) , adsorption , chemistry , composite material , organic chemistry , nanotechnology , physics , optics , computer science , engineering , programming language
Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), which is a known crystal nucleating agent, is utilized to improve poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) thermal properties. Since NCC aggregation in PHBV negatively affects composite properties and processability, NCC crystal nucleation effectiveness was examined at low concentrations (<1%) under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. NCC was dispersed in PHBV solutions using a solvent exchange method and then cast into films. We found that NCC was an effective nucleating agent in amounts as low as 0.25%, resulting in an increase in PHBV crystallization rate by more than 50%. However, increasing to 1% NCC resulted in aggregation in PHBV, with the NCC becoming less effective compared to lower NCC concentrations. In an attempt to improve NCC dispersion, we added cellulose acetate (CA) or stearic acid (SA) to the casting solution, anticipating that CA or SA would preferentially adsorb on the NCC. With such pretreatment, dispersion was indeed improved but NCC became less effective as a PHBV nucleating agent. This work shows the advantage of using low NCC concentrations (<0.5%) for promoting PHBV crystallization, but the lack of improved nucleation upon addition of CA and SA supports the importance of NCC surface accessibility.