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High‐efficiency copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cells with indium sulfide buffer layers deposited by atomic layer chemical vapor deposition (ALCVD)
Author(s) -
Naghavi N.,
Spiering S.,
Powalla M.,
Cavana B.,
Lincot D.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
progress in photovoltaics: research and applications
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.286
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1099-159X
pISSN - 1062-7995
DOI - 10.1002/pip.508
Subject(s) - indium , copper indium gallium selenide solar cells , gallium , layer (electronics) , sulfide , chemical bath deposition , chemical vapor deposition , atomic layer deposition , materials science , diselenide , solar cell , thin film , copper , inorganic chemistry , chemistry , band gap , optoelectronics , metallurgy , nanotechnology , selenium
This paper presents optimization studies on the formation of indium sulfide buffer layers for high‐efficiency copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) thin‐film solar cells with atomic layer chemical vapour deposition (ALCVD) from separate pulses of indium acetylacetonate and hydrogen sulfide. A parametric study of the effect of deposition temperature between 160° and 260°C and thickness (15–30 nm) shows an optimal value at about 220°C for a layer thickness of 30 nm, leading to an efficiency of 16·4%. Analysis of the device shows that indium sulfide layers are characterised by an improvement of the blue response of the cells compared with a standard CdS‐processed cell, due to a high apparent band gap (2·7–2·8 eV), higher open‐circuit voltages (up to 665 mV) and fill factor (78%). This denotes high interface quality. Atomic diffusion processes of sodium and copper in the buffer layer are demonstrated. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.