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High‐efficiency single‐junction p‐i‐n GaAs solar cell on roll‐to‐roll epi‐ready flexible metal foils for low‐cost photovoltaics
Author(s) -
Khatiwada Devendra,
Favela Carlos A.,
Sun Sicong,
Zhang Chuanze,
Sharma Sahil,
Rathi Monika,
Dutta Pavel,
Galstyan Eduard,
Belianinov Alex,
Ievlev Anton V.,
Pouladi Sara,
Fedorenko Anastasiia,
Ryou JaeHyun,
Hubbard Seth,
Selvamanickam Venkat
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
progress in photovoltaics: research and applications
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.286
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1099-159X
pISSN - 1062-7995
DOI - 10.1002/pip.3308
Subject(s) - solar cell , materials science , fabrication , secondary ion mass spectrometry , photovoltaics , scanning electron microscope , metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy , energy conversion efficiency , optoelectronics , chemical vapor deposition , solar cell efficiency , analytical chemistry (journal) , nanotechnology , layer (electronics) , chemistry , ion , epitaxy , photovoltaic system , composite material , medicine , ecology , alternative medicine , organic chemistry , pathology , chromatography , biology
We demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of high‐efficiency, single‐junction p‐i‐n GaAs solar cells, on flexible metal foil with epi‐ready buffer via roll‐to‐roll fabrication. Single‐junction p‐i‐n GaAs solar cells were fabricated using metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). An efficiency greater than 13% was obtained at 1 sun, which is the highest reported efficiency on GaAs photovoltaics directly deposited on metal tapes. This exceeds our previously reported study showcasing 11.5% efficiency on single‐junction p‐n solar cell structure. Improved morphology of p‐i‐n structure compared with p‐n is explained by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and helium ion microscopy (HIM) measurements. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) analysis showed reduced Zn diffusion in p‐i‐n cell compared with the p‐n cell. We attribute the improvement in efficiency of p‐i‐n cells on flexible metal tapes to the quality of the junction, surface morphology, controlled diffusion of species within the active layers, and increase in absorption due to the optimized intrinsic layer thickness.