Premium
Highly conductive ZnO films with high near infrared transparency
Author(s) -
Hála Matěj,
Fujii Shohei,
Redinger Alex,
Inoue Yukari,
Rey Germain,
Thevenin Maxime,
Deprédurand Valérie,
Weiss Thomas Paul,
Bertram Tobias,
Siebentritt Susanne
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
progress in photovoltaics: research and applications
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.286
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1099-159X
pISSN - 1062-7995
DOI - 10.1002/pip.2601
Subject(s) - materials science , transparent conducting film , optoelectronics , band gap , biasing , sputtering , doping , electrical conductor , energy conversion efficiency , solar cell , electron mobility , thin film , nanotechnology , voltage , composite material , physics , quantum mechanics
We present an approach for deposition of highly conductive nominally undoped ZnO films that are suitable for the n‐type window of low band gap solar cells. We demonstrate that low‐voltage radio frequency (RF) biasing of growing ZnO films during their deposition by non‐reactive sputtering makes them as conductive as when doped by aluminium ( ρ ≤1·10 −3 Ω cm). The films prepared with additional RF biasing possess lower free‐carrier concentration and higher free‐carrier mobility than Al‐doped ZnO (AZO) films of the same resistivity, which results in a substantially higher transparency in the near infrared region (NIR). Furthermore, these films exhibit good ambient stability and lower high‐temperature stability than the AZO films of the same thickness. We also present the characteristics of Cu(InGa)Se 2 , CuInSe 2 and Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 ‐based solar cells prepared with the transparent window bilayer formed of the isolating and conductive ZnO films and compare them to their counterparts with a standard ZnO/AZO bilayer. We show that the solar cells with nominally undoped ZnO as their transparent conductive oxide layer exhibit an improved quantum efficiency for λ > 900 nm, which leads to a higher short circuit current density J SC . This aspect is specifically beneficial in preparation of the Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 solar cells with band gap down to 0.85 eV; our champion device reached a J SC of nearly 39 mAcm −2 , an open circuit voltage of 378mV, and a power conversion efficiency of 8.4 %. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.