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Foaming behaviour and cell structure of poly(lactic acid) after various modifications
Author(s) -
Yu Long,
Toikka Gary,
Dean Katherine,
Bateman Stuart,
Yuan Qiang,
Filippou Con,
Nguyen Tri
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
polymer international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.592
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1097-0126
pISSN - 0959-8103
DOI - 10.1002/pi.4359
Subject(s) - materials science , ultimate tensile strength , rheology , lactic acid , composite material , izod impact strength test , melt flow index , nucleation , mechanical strength , viscosity , blowing agent , polymer , copolymer , chemistry , polyurethane , organic chemistry , genetics , bacteria , biology
Improving the melt strength of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is of continuing strategic research interest since a low melt strength results in poor processability of foaming and blowing film. PLA was modified in various ways including crosslinking, chain extension, grafting, blending, plasticizing and nucleation to improve its melt strength. This work focuses on the effect of melt strength after various modifications on foaming behaviour and cell structures of PLA foam. Cell density was increased and cell structure became more uniform with increasing melt strength, in particular when the melt strain was also increased after modification. With increasing melt strength the phenomenon of open and ruptured cells was decreased. The foaming window was widened with increasing melt strength, in particular after crosslinking, chain extension and blending with elastomer. Molecular weight, thermal properties and viscosity of PLA after various modifications were also studied and used to explain the foaming behaviour and foam structures. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry