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Uniform star‐polystyrene nanoparticles prepared by emulsion atom transfer radical polymerization
Author(s) -
Wang Wenhao,
Liu Hu,
Hu Xiaoxi,
Yi Changfeng,
Wu Shuilin,
Chu Paul K,
Xu Zushun
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
polymer international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.592
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1097-0126
pISSN - 0959-8103
DOI - 10.1002/pi.3142
Subject(s) - dispersity , atom transfer radical polymerization , polystyrene , dynamic light scattering , polymer chemistry , emulsion polymerization , materials science , nanoparticle , styrene , radical polymerization , pentaerythritol , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , polymerization , monomer , chemical engineering , polymer , copolymer , nanotechnology , composite material , fire retardant , engineering
Pentaerythritol (PT) was converted into four‐arm initiator pentaerythritol tetrakis(2‐chloropropionyl) (PT‐Cl) via reaction with 2‐chloropropionyl chloride. Uniform (monodisperse) star‐polystyrene nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene, using PT‐Cl/CuCl/bpy (bpy is 2,2′‐dipyridyl) as the initiating system. The structures of PT‐Cl and polymer were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The morphology, size and size distribution of the star‐polystyrene nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. It was found that the average diameters of star‐polystyrene nanoparticles were smaller than 100 nm (30–90 nm) and monodisperse; moreover, the particle size could be controlled by the monomer/initiator ratio and the surfactant concentration. The average hydrodynamic diameter ( D h ) of the nanoparticles increased gradually on increasing the ratio of styrene to PT‐Cl and decreased on enhancing the surfactant concentration or increasing the catalyst concentration. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry