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Cooperative, bottom‐up generation of rigid‐rod nanostructures through dynamic polymer chemistry
Author(s) -
FolmerAndersen J Frantz,
Buhler Eric,
Candau SauveurJean,
Joulie Sebastien,
Schmutz Marc,
Lehn JeanMarie
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
polymer international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.592
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1097-0126
pISSN - 0959-8103
DOI - 10.1002/pi.2864
Subject(s) - chemistry , polymerization , polymer , monomer , aqueous solution , dynamic light scattering , chemical engineering , polymer chemistry , materials science , organic chemistry , nanoparticle , nanotechnology , engineering
A set of carbazole‐ and benzene‐derived di(aldehyde) and di(acylhydrazine) monomers containing hexaglyme groups to impart water solubility has been synthesized. Mixing a given di(aldehyde) and di(acylhydrazine) pair in acidic aqueous solution causes polymerization through reversible acylhydrazone condensation. The structures of the resultant amphiphilic polyacylhydrazones have been studied using 1 H NMR spectroscopy, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, small‐angle neutron scattering, transmission electron microscopy, size exclusion chromatography/multi‐angle laser light scattering (SEC‐MALLS) and UV‐visible and fluorescence spectrophotometries. All the available data support the existence of structurally related rod‐like nanostructures of variable lengths and constant diameters of approximately 5 nm in all cases, which are interpreted as corresponding to individually folded polymer chains. On the basis of these studies, molecular models are proposed in which the hydrophobic, aromatic polymer backbones assume helical conformations allowing for hydrophobically driven π‐stacking, while exposing the hydrophilic hexaglyme groups to the solvent. The molecular models are in agreement with the observed physical dimensions of the nanostructures, and are further supported by the observation of strong hypochromic effects on changing the solvent from dimethylformamide to water. Additionally, the reversible polymerization process is found to be cooperative. 1 H NMR and SEC‐MALLS studies reveal severe deviations from statistically predicted product distributions under imbalanced stoichiometry, which are characteristic of nucleation–elongation behaviour. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry