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Comparing the dynamic behaviour of several rubbers filled with silanized silica nanofiller
Author(s) -
Movahed Saeed Ostad,
Ansarifar Ali,
Song Mo
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
polymer international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.592
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1097-0126
pISSN - 0959-8103
DOI - 10.1002/pi.2518
Subject(s) - natural rubber , mooney viscosity , materials science , styrene butadiene , polybutadiene , composite material , dynamic mechanical analysis , elastomer , curing (chemistry) , chloroprene , modulus , vulcanization , glass transition , synthetic rubber , dynamic modulus , precipitated silica , copolymer , polymer , styrene
BACKGROUND: The effect of the same amount of precipitated silica nanofiller on the curing and dynamic properties of different rubbers, including natural rubber (NR) without and with the addition of elemental sulfur (NR with S), synthetic polyisoprene (IR), polybutadiene (BR) and poly(styrene‐ co ‐butadiene) copolymer (SBR), was investigated. The silica surfaces were pre‐treated with bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfane (TESPT) to chemically bond the silica to the rubber. The rubbers were primarily cured by using sulfur in TESPT with the addition of optimum accelerator (TBBS) and activator (ZnO), which helped to form sulfur chemical bonds between the rubber and filler. RESULTS: Cure properties, Mooney viscosity, glass transition temperature, bound rubber and crosslink density along with dynamic properties of the filled rubbers, including tan δ, loss modulus ( G ″) and storage modulus ( G ′), were measured as a function of double oscillation amplitude (DSA) from 15 to 1000 µm, temperature from −130 to 100 °C and frequency from 1 to 100 Hz. The results with emphasis on potential for tyre tread applications are discussed. It emerged that SBR along with BR filled rubbers had the highest rolling resistance while IR filled rubber had the least. Moreover, it was found that SBR filled rubber had the best skid resistance and BR filled rubber the worst. CONCLUSION: Interestingly, the variation of G ′ with DSA showed a complicated behaviour for different filled rubbers. It emerged that in some DSA ranges the Payne effect was observed, and in the remaining ranges increments of G ′ with DSA were seen. Because the bound rubber of most of the filled rubbers was more than 92%, there should be another predominant mechanism in the systems studied rather than simply de‐agglomeration or filler network breakdown, which is proposed by the Payne model. In addition, the nanoscale of the filler may be effective for this behaviour. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry