Open AccessReinvestigation of the relationship between the amplitude of the first heart sound to cardiac dynamics
Author(s) -
Tang Hong,
Ruan Chengjie,
Qiu Tianshuang,
Park Yongwan,
Xiao Shouzhong
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
physiological reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.918
H-Index - 39
ISSN - 2051-817X
DOI - 10.1002/phy2.53
Subject(s) - amplitude , ventricle , cardiology , heart rate , medicine , exponential function , intracardiac injection , phonocardiogram , hemodynamics , mathematics , quadratic equation , nonlinear system , linear relationship , sound (geography) , blood pressure , physics , mathematical analysis , acoustics , statistics , geometry , quantum mechanics
Abstract The relationships between the amplitude of the first heart sound ( S 1) and the rising rate of left ventricular pressure ( LVP ) concluded in previous studies were not consistent. Some researchers believed the relationship was positively linear; others stated the relationship was only positively correlated. To further investigate this relationship, this study simultaneously sampled the external phonocardiogram, electrocardiogram, and intracardiac pressure in the left ventricle in three anesthetized dogs, while invoking wide hemodynamic changes using various doses of epinephrine. The relationship between the maximum amplitude of S 1 and the maximum rising rate of LVP and the relationship between the amplitude of dominant peaks/valleys and the corresponding rising rate of LVP were examined by linear, quadratic, cubic, and exponential models. The results showed that the relationships are best fit by nonlinear exponential models.