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Antihyperglycemic Medications and Impact on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Review of Current Evidence
Author(s) -
Gale Stormi E.,
Poon Jeannie L.,
Watson Kristin
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
pharmacotherapy: the journal of human pharmacology and drug therapy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.227
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1875-9114
pISSN - 0277-0008
DOI - 10.1002/phar.2128
Subject(s) - medicine , empagliflozin , canagliflozin , liraglutide , metformin , type 2 diabetes , population , intensive care medicine , dapagliflozin , disease , diabetes mellitus , macrovascular disease , pharmacology , endocrinology , environmental health
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( DM ) are known to be at an increased risk for macrovascular complications, and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is one of the greatest drivers of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Over the past decade, the number of treatment options for type 2 DM has increased. In 2008, the United States Food and Drug Administration mandated an evaluation of cardiovascular ( CV ) outcomes associated with antihyperglycemic agents. Since that time, the CV risk‐benefit profile of many antihyperglycemic treatment modalities have been evaluated; however, results have remained inconsistent. This article will review the literature on the use of pharmacologic therapies in patients with type 2 DM and associated CVD risk, as well as provide recommendations for appropriate treatment selection in this population. Current evidence has demonstrated CV benefits with metformin, select glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (liraglutide), and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (canagliflozin and empagliflozin).