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Adverse Reactions to Pneumococcal Vaccine in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
Author(s) -
Han Jin,
Kemiki Opeyemi,
Hsu Lewis L.,
Rivers Angela E.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
pharmacotherapy: the journal of human pharmacology and drug therapy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.227
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1875-9114
pISSN - 0277-0008
DOI - 10.1002/phar.1607
Subject(s) - medicine , pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine , adverse effect , vaccination , adverse event reporting system , pediatrics , pneumococcal vaccine , retrospective cohort study , medical record , immunology , streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcal disease , genetics , bacteria , biology
Study Objective To review five cases of severe adverse reactions after vaccination with the 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine ( PPSV 23) in pediatric and adolescent patients with sickle cell disease ( SCD ), and to evaluate the prevalence of adverse reactions to PPSV 23 in patients with SCD by analyzing data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System ( VAERS ). Design Case series and retrospective analysis of data from the VAERS . Data Sources Medical records from a tertiary care hospital and the VAERS database. Measurements and Main Results Five cases of severe adverse reactions after vaccination with PPSV 23 in pediatric and adolescent patients with SCD (aged 2–22 years) were reviewed. The adverse reactions occurred within 24 hours after immunization, and all five patients required medical attention. Analysis of data from the VAERS found that PPSV 23 was the most commonly reported vaccine causing adverse events in patients with SCD , accounting for 62% of all vaccine‐induced adverse events. This rate is significantly higher than the rate of adverse events related to PPSV 23 in patients with human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) or asthma (62% vs 16%, p<0.0001). The reported number of adverse reactions in pediatric patients (< 18 years old) with SCD was 4 times higher than that reported in adult patients (18–39 years old) with SCD . Conclusion The risk of developing severe adverse reactions to PPSV 23 is greater in patients with SCD than in patients with HIV or asthma, and especially in pediatric and adolescent patients with SCD compared with their adult counterparts. Health care professionals should closely monitor for potential adverse events after PPSV 23 vaccination or revaccination in patients with SCD , adhere to the recommended time interval between PCV 13 and PPSV 23 administration, and possibly consider avoiding simultaneous administration of other vaccines with PPSV 23.