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Sustainable phenolic thermosets coatings derived from urushiol
Author(s) -
Xia Jianrong,
Xue Hanyu,
Gao Renjin,
Zhang Yuchi,
Lin Qi
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
polymer engineering and science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.503
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1548-2634
pISSN - 0032-3888
DOI - 10.1002/pen.25593
Subject(s) - cardanol , materials science , curing (chemistry) , thermosetting polymer , phenol formaldehyde resin , formaldehyde , differential scanning calorimetry , synthetic resin , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , phenol , alkyl , organic chemistry , glass transition , chemical structure , carbonization , polymer chemistry , chemical resistance , polymer , chemical engineering , epoxy , composite material , chemistry , scanning electron microscope , thermodynamics , physics , engineering
The over‐exploitation of finite fossil resources and/or the increased environmental and sustainable awareness inspire scientists and technologists to search for inexpensive alternatives from renewable chemicals. Phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins, the oldest type of synthetic polymers with good mechanical properties and heat resistance, are widely used in the production of coatings, laminates, molding compositions, and glues. Here, biobased urushiol‐derived PF resins were synthesized from the alkali‐catalyzed reaction between urushiol and formaldehyde. The chemical compositions and molecular structures of resole resins were characterized by carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their curing behaviors were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The as‐prepared urushiol‐derived resole resins had methylol (Ph−CH 2 OH), ortho‐ and para‐hemiformal groups (Ph−CH 2 OCH 2 OH), and the para−para/ortho−para/ortho−ortho links of methylene groups (Ph−CH 2 −Ph), whereas the resole resins had low curing temperatures at about 100–113°C. Additionally, given the long side alkyl group moiety on the aromatic rings of urushiol, the films of cured urushiol‐derived resole resins had low glass transition temperatures of 132 ± 2°C. Furthermore, the as‐prepared urushiol‐derived coatings exhibited excellent physical and mechanical properties.