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Safer plasticized polyvinyl chloride synthetic leathers for the automotive industry: Evaluation of alternatives to antimony compounds as flame retardants
Author(s) -
Zattini Giorgio,
Ballardini Sergio,
Benelli Tiziana,
Mazzocchetti Laura,
Giorgini Loris
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
polymer engineering and science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.503
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1548-2634
pISSN - 0032-3888
DOI - 10.1002/pen.25121
Subject(s) - antimony trioxide , polyvinyl chloride , materials science , fire retardant , antimony , antimony oxide , composite material , chemical engineering , metallurgy , engineering , oxide
Automotive interiors materials, like plasticized polyvinyl chloride (pPVC) synthetic leathers (SLs), require additives for improving their flame behavior. The preferred flame retardant (FR) used in pPVC is antimony trioxide (Sb 2 O 3 , ATO), though the use of antimony poses several issues, for both human health and the environment, related to its extraction, processing, and use. In order to investigate alternatives to ATO in high‐performance pPVC SLs, various commercial FRs have been selected and tested in a typical, highly plasticized formulation. These additives have been used either alone or combined to evaluate synergistic effects. Samples have been tested to assess mechanical properties, thermal stability, and flame resistance. Data have been compared with those of neat pPVC and a foil with 2 phr of ATO. Several FRs are effective in improving the flame response compared with neat pPVC, without compromising the other properties, in detail calcium hypophosphite and mixtures containing zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS). Finally, aluminum hydroxide and ZHS (ATH + ZHS) yields the cheaper among the alternatives here proposed, even though higher than ATO (+193%) whose price/performance ratio is difficult to overcome. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:2488–2497, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers