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Fire retardancy effect of phosphorus‐modified halloysite on polyamide‐11 nanocomposites
Author(s) -
Sahnoune Mohamed,
Taguet Aurélie,
Otazaghine Belkacem,
Kaci Mustapha,
LopezCuesta JoséMarie
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
polymer engineering and science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.503
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1548-2634
pISSN - 0032-3888
DOI - 10.1002/pen.24961
Subject(s) - halloysite , cone calorimeter , fire retardant , ammonium polyphosphate , thermogravimetric analysis , materials science , polyamide , thermal stability , nanocomposite , chemical engineering , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , pyrolysis , combustion , composite material , chemistry , organic chemistry , char , engineering
Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were successfully incorporated as flame retardants in polyamide‐11 (PA11) after their modification with methyl phosphonic acid. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were used to evidence the functionalization of the clay. Raw and modified HNTs were then incorporated by melt mixing in PA11 at 20 wt%. Compositions containing both ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and HNTs were also prepared. TGA and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter exhibited enhancement in thermal stability upon incorporation of both raw and modified halloysite nanotubes while APP causes degradation at lower temperature. Cone calorimeter data showed that modified halloysite acts by forming an insulating barrier during the combustion, which limits heat and mass transfers. Moreover, elemental analysis of sample residues after cone test evidenced that a part of the phosphorus of the modified halloysite was transferred to the gaseous phase. These results suggest the full potential of halloysite as fire retardant agent for polyamides. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:526–534, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers