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Effect of dispersion method and process variables on the properties of supercritical CO 2 foamed polystyrene/graphite nanocomposite foam
Author(s) -
Yeh ShuKai,
Huang ChienHsiung,
Su ChiChun,
Cheng KuoChung,
Chuang TsuHuang,
Guo WenJeng,
Wang SeaFue
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
polymer engineering and science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.503
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1548-2634
pISSN - 0032-3888
DOI - 10.1002/pen.23468
Subject(s) - materials science , compounding , blowing agent , polystyrene , nanocomposite , nucleation , dispersion (optics) , supercritical fluid , composite material , in situ polymerization , sonication , foaming agent , supercritical carbon dioxide , chemical engineering , polymerization , polymer , polyurethane , organic chemistry , chemistry , physics , optics , engineering , porosity
In this study, polystyrene/nanographite nanocomposite foams were made by different compounding methods, such as direct compounding, pulverized sonication compounding, and in situ polymerization, to understand the effect of the process variables on the morphology of the nanocomposites and their foam. The foam was made by batch foaming using CO 2 as the blowing agent. Various foaming pressures and temperatures were studied. The results indicated that the cell size decreased and the cell morphology was improved with the advanced dispersion of the nanoparticles. Among the three methods, the in situ polymerization method provided the best dispersion and the resulting nanocomposite foam had the finest cell size and the highest cell density. In addition, adding nanoparticles as a nucleating agent can make foams of similar cell size and cell density at a much lower foaming pressure. This result can be explained by the classical nucleation theory. This discovery could open up a newroute to produce microcellular foams at a low foaming pressure. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 53:2061–2072, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers