Premium
Polyethylene compounds containing mineral fillers modified by acid coatings. 2: Factors influencing mechanical properties
Author(s) -
Haworth B.,
Raymond C. L.,
Sutherland I.
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
polymer engineering and science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.503
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1548-2634
pISSN - 0032-3888
DOI - 10.1002/pen.10835
Subject(s) - materials science , polyethylene , composite material , polymer , particle (ecology) , surface energy , high density polyethylene , dynamic mechanical analysis , chemical engineering , oceanography , engineering , geology
High molar mass medium density polyethylene (MDPE) compounds containing magnesium hydroxide filler, surface‐treated by a range of fatty acid coatings of variable aliphatic chain length were injection molded and subjected to mechanical property evaluation. Surface treatment modifies yield stress and modulus, with property maxima observed close to the monolayer coverage. Acid‐group terminated polyethylene (ATPE) coalings produced the highest yield stress, as a result of physical interaction with the matrix polymer. Retention of high‐energy, ductile mode impact failure of unfilled MDPE was obtained when using short‐chain decanoic acid coating, as a result of enhanced dispersion and reduced particle‐matrix interactions promoting microscopic matrix yielding. A mechanism for enhanced Mg(OH) 2 particle dispersion based upon surface energy and molecular adsorption has been proposed, which is consistent with the properties data derived. Fractographic analysis (SEM) has confirmed the predominance of matrix yielding in compounds exhibiting enhanced impact resistance, while X‐ray pholoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has also highlighted a different crack growth mechanism in MDPE compounds containing coated fillers, which are less prone to agglomeration. In addition, thermomechani‐cal history during processing also modifies physical properties of MDPE/Mg(OH) 2 composites to some extent. Anisotropic effects include molecular orientation and filler particle alignment induced by shear stress during injection mold filling, which predominate in compounds containing coated fillers. Overall, the application of organo‐acid coatings reduces polymer‐particle surface interaction and thermody‐namic work of adhesion, leading to improved dispersion and enhanced properties. Appropriate property balances can be tailored by judicious selection of aliphatic chain length and addition level of fatty acid filler coatings.