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Time and temperature dependence of radiofrequency ablation in the human placenta
Author(s) -
Phithakwatchara Nisarat,
Makarasen Preechaya,
Nawapun Katika,
Hanamornroongruang Suchanan,
Viboonchart Sommai,
Wataganara Tuangsit
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
prenatal diagnosis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.956
H-Index - 97
eISSN - 1097-0223
pISSN - 0197-3851
DOI - 10.1002/pd.5276
Subject(s) - ultrasound , ablation , ex vivo , placenta , medicine , pathological , radiofrequency ablation , andrology , nuclear medicine , pathology , anatomy , fetus , in vivo , pregnancy , radiology , biology , genetics , microbiology and biotechnology
Objective The objective of the study is to compare radiofrequency (RF) effects on fresh placentae with varying levels of sustained time (Ts) and degrees of target temperature (° t ). Method A total of 108 pieces of fresh placentae were coagulated with a 2‐cm RF needle at 60 W in an organ bath. The vertical and horizontal diameters (Vd, Hd) of tissue coagulation visualized by ultrasound were measured. The impacts of 12 different Ts‐° t combinations on the ablation size ascertained on pathological examination (Vd p , Hd p ) were compared using 2‐way ANOVA. The agreement between sonographic and pathological findings was assessed using Bland‐Altman analysis. Results Considerable changes in the Vd p and Hd p were associated with increasing the Ts and ° t . The impact of RF on tissue coagulation was greatest when the ° t was set at 100°C, with further destruction as the Ts progressed to 7 minutes of exposure. The ablation size estimated by ultrasound exhibited an overestimation by an average of 5.65% and 21.02% for Vd and Hd, respectively. Conclusion A prolonged Ts at a higher ° t contributes to progressive placental tissue destruction by RF, with maximum destruction at 100°C for 7 minutes in an ex vivo nonperfused placenta. Tissue injury that is apparent on ultrasound may extend beyond pathological damage.