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The processing course of conflicts in third‐party punishment: An event‐related potential study
Author(s) -
Qu Lulu,
Dou Wei,
You Cheng,
Qu Chen
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
psych journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.417
H-Index - 14
eISSN - 2046-0260
pISSN - 2046-0252
DOI - 10.1002/pchj.59
Subject(s) - course (navigation) , punishment (psychology) , event (particle physics) , psychology , political science , social psychology , criminology , computer science , engineering , physics , quantum mechanics , aerospace engineering
In social decision‐making games, uninvolved third parties usually severely punish norm violators, even though the punishment is costly for them. For this irrational behavior, the conflict caused by punishment satisfaction and monetary loss is obvious. In the present study, 18 participants observed a D ictator G ame and were asked about their willingness to incur some cost to change the offers by reducing the dictator's money. A response‐locked event‐related potential ( ERP) component, the error negativity or error‐related negativity ( N e/ ERN ), which is evoked by error or conflict, was analyzed to investigate whether a trade‐off between irrational punishment and rational private benefit occurred in the brain responses of third parties. We examined the effect of the choice type (“to change the offer” or “not to change the offer”) and levels of unfairness (90:10 and 70:30) on N e/ ERN amplitudes. The results indicated that there was an ERN effect for unfair offers as N e/ ERN amplitudes were more negative for not to change the offer choices than for to change the offer choices, which suggested that participants encountered more conflict when they did not change unfair offers. Furthermore, it was implied that altruistic punishment, rather than rational utilitarianism, might be the prepotent tendency for humans that is involved in the early stage of decision‐making.