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Quantification and characterisation of cyclo‐oxygenase and lipid peroxidation inhibitory anthocyanins in fruits of Amelanchier
Author(s) -
Adhikari Devi P.,
Francis Jayaraj A.,
Schutzki Robert E.,
Chandra Amitabh,
Nair Muraleedharan G.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
phytochemical analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1099-1565
pISSN - 0958-0344
DOI - 10.1002/pca.840
Subject(s) - chemistry , butylated hydroxytoluene , anthocyanin , lipid peroxidation , cyanidin , food science , antioxidant , biochemistry
The levels of bioactive anthocyanins in the fruits of Amelanchier alnifolia , A. arborea and A. canadensis have been determined by HPLC. Cyanidin 3‐galactoside (1) was present in the fresh fruit of the three species at concentrations of 155, 390 and 165 mg/100 g, respectively. Cyanidin 3‐glucoside (2) was present only in A. alnifolia and A. canadensis at concentrations of 54 and 48 mg/100 g, respectively. The anthocyanins were confirmed by LC‐ESI/MS and NMR studies. At 100 ppm, anthocyanin mixtures from the three species inhibited cyclo‐oxygenase (COX)‐1 and ‐2 enzymes at 66 and 67%, 60 and 72%, and 51 and 76%, respectively. The positive controls used in the COX assays were aspirin, Celebrex and Vioxx at 180, 1.67 and 1.67 ppm, respectively, and showed 74 and 69%, 5 and 82% and 0 and 85% COX‐1 and COX‐2 inhibition, respectively. Anthocyanins 1 and 2 and cyanidin (3) inhibited COX‐1 enzyme 50.5, 45.62 and 96.36%, respectively, at 100 ppm, whereas COX‐2 inhibition was the highest for 3 at 75%. In the lipid peroxidation inhibitory assay, anthocyanin mixtures at 10 ppm from the three species showed activities of 72, 73 and 68%, respectively, compared with 89, 87 and 98% for commercial anti‐oxidants butylated hydoxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, and tert ‐butylhydroxyquinone at 1.67, 2.2 and 1.67 ppm, respectively. At 10 ppm, compounds 1–3 inhibited lipid peroxidation by 70, 75 and 78%, respectively. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.