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Metabolic differences of two Ferula species as potential sources of galbanum: An NMR‐based metabolomics study
Author(s) -
Farhadi Faegheh,
Iranshahi Mehrdad,
Mohtashami Leila,
Shakeri Asil Shokrollah,
Iranshahy Milad
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
phytochemical analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1099-1565
pISSN - 0958-0344
DOI - 10.1002/pca.3027
Subject(s) - chemistry , traditional medicine , medicine
Ferula gummosa Boiss. and Ferula galbaniflua Boiss. & Buhse (Apiaceae) are two important Iranian plants that are considered as potential sources of galbanum (barijeh). Galbanum is traditionally used for treating different diseases including flatulence and memory impairment. Objective According to a phylogenetic analysis of the nrDNA ITS sequence and the Flora Iranica, F. gummosa has been considered as a synonym of F. galbaniflua . However, F. galbaniflua and F. gummosa grow in two different geographical locations and have different metabolic patterns. Some researchers believe that F. gummosa and F. galbaniflua are two distinct species. To discriminate these species, we compared metabolic profiles of F. gummosa and F. galbaniflua samples. Methods 1 H‐NMR‐based metabolomics analysis was used for classification of F. gummosa and F. galbaniflua samples collected from northeast Iran. The acquired data were analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA). Results The result showed a clear separation between the two species that may be related to the quantity and diversity of their metabolites. Ferula gummosa had higher mogoltacin levels, while F. galbaniflua had higher feselol levels. Ligupersin A and conferdione were significantly detected in F. gummosa , whereas sterol compounds were significantly detected in F. galbaniflua . Conclusion Our findings indicate that clear metabolomics discrimination of F. gummosa and F. galbaniflua makes their chemotaxonomic classification possible.