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Application of Box–Behnken design for ultrasound‐assisted extraction and recycling preparative HPLC for isolation of anthraquinones from Cassia singueana
Author(s) -
Jibril Saidu,
Basar Norazah,
Sirat Hasnah Mohd,
Wahab Roswanira Abdul,
Mahat Naji Arafat,
Nahar Lutfun,
Sarker Satyajit D.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
phytochemical analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1099-1565
pISSN - 0958-0344
DOI - 10.1002/pca.2795
Subject(s) - anthraquinones , box–behnken design , extraction (chemistry) , chromatography , chemistry , cassia , high performance liquid chromatography , response surface methodology , yield (engineering) , botany , materials science , biology , medicine , alternative medicine , traditional chinese medicine , pathology , metallurgy
Cassia singueana Del. (Fabaceae) is a rare medicinal plant used in the traditional medicine preparations to treat various ailments. The root of C. singueana is a rich source of anthraquinones that possess anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Objective The objective of this study was to develop an ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) method for achieving a high extraction yield of anthraquinones using the response surface methodology (RSM), Box–Behnken design (BBD), and a recycling preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) protocol for isolation of anthraquinones from C. singueana . Methodology Optimisation of UAE was performed using the Box–Behnken experimental design. Recycling preparative HPLC was employed to isolate anthraquinones from the root extract of C. singueana . Results The BBD was well‐described by a quadratic polynomial model ( R 2 = 0.9751). The predicted optimal UAE conditions for a high extraction yield were obtained at: extraction time 25.00 min, temperature 50°C and solvent‐sample ratio of 10 mL/g. Under the predicted conditions, the experimental value (1.65 ± 0.07%) closely agreed to the predicted yield (1.64%). The obtained crude extract of C. singueana root was subsequently purified to afford eight anthraquinones. Conclusion The extraction protocol described here is suitable for large‐scale extraction of anthraquinones from plant extracts.