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Rapid Monitoring of Pharmacological Volatiles of Night‐Flowering Evening‐Primrose According to Flower Opening or Closing by Fast Gas Chromatography/Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor (Electronic zNose)
Author(s) -
Oh Se Yeon
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
phytochemical analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1099-1565
pISSN - 0958-0344
DOI - 10.1002/pca.2740
Subject(s) - chemistry , linalool , chromatography , aroma , gas chromatography , evening primrose , reproducibility , extraction (chemistry) , gas chromatography–mass spectrometry , analytical chemistry (journal) , mass spectrometry , essential oil , food science
Aroma is important in night‐flowering species, as visually they can not be observed well. Thus, the analysis of the volatiles of evening‐primrose is of great interest in biological fields and therapy. Furthermore, the analysis of volatiles demands rapid and simple procedure, because volatiles decompose. Objective The aim of this study is to show the rapid monitoring of the volatiles of evening‐primrose according to the flowering or closing by fast gas chromatography/surface acoustic wave GC/SAW. Moreover, calibration according to the sensor temperature of the GC/SAW was performed, achieving a high reproducibility and excellent sensitivity. Methodology GC/SAW is an effective analytical method that provides on‐line measurements without pretreatment of sample. Headspace solid‐phase micro‐extraction coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC–MS) and dynamic headspace trapping and extraction with GC–MS were employed to confirm the identification of the volatiles of evening‐primrose compared to GC/SAW. Results Linalool was found to be the dominant component, comprising 96.4–25.2% of the total amount, according to the opening or closing. Interestingly, the amount of indole also varied according to the opening or closing (3.0–0.0%) such as linalool. Also, while the sensitivity increased with the reduction in the sensor temperature of the GC/SAW, the reproducibility showed a tendency to decrease. Conclusion The results showed that flower opening is related to the volatiles emission, which is pharmacological and plant defensive. GC/SAW can be a useful analytical method for the rapid monitoring of volatiles of evening‐primrose according to the opening or closing as it provides second unit analysis, as well as simple, and aroma pattern recognition. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.