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Infrared‐Assisted Extraction and HPLC‐Analysis of Prunus armeniaca L. Pomace and Detoxified‐Kernel and their Antidiabetic Effects
Author(s) -
Raafat Karim,
ElDarra Nada,
Saleh Fatima A.,
Rajha Hiba N.,
Maroun Richard G.,
Louka Nicolas
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
phytochemical analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1099-1565
pISSN - 0958-0344
DOI - 10.1002/pca.2723
Subject(s) - prunus armeniaca , chemistry , high performance liquid chromatography , pomace , chromatography , food science , nutraceutical , botany , cultivar , biology
Prunus armeniaca L. ( P. armeniaca ) is one of the medicinal plants with a high safety‐profile. Objectives The aim of this work was to make an infrared‐assisted extraction (IR‐AE) of P. armeniaca fruit (pomace) and kernel, and analyse them using reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) aided method. Methods IR‐AE is a novel‐technique aimed at increasing the extraction‐efficiency. The antidiabetic‐potentials of the P. armeniaca pomace (AP) and the detoxified P. armeniaca kernel extract (DKAP) were monitored exploring their possible hypoglycemic‐mechanisms. Acute (6 h), subchronic (8 days) and long‐term (8 weeks) assessment of Diabetes mellitus (DM) using glucometers and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) methods were applied. Results Serum‐insulin levels, the inhibitory effects on alpha‐glucosidase, serum‐catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were also monitored. AP was shown to be rich in polyphenolics like trans ‐lutein (14.1%), trans ‐zeaxanthin (10.5%), trans ‐ ß ‐cryptoxanthin (11.6%), 13, cis ‐ ß ‐carotene (6.5%), trans 9, cis‐ß‐carotene (18.4%), and ß‐carotene (21.5%). Prunus armeniaca kernel extract before detoxification (KAP) was found to be rich in amygdaline (16.1%), which caused a high mortality rate (50.1%), while after detoxification (amygdaline, 1.4%) a lower mortality rate (9.1%) was found. AP showed significant ( p ≤ 0.05, n = 7/group) antidiabetic‐activity more prominent than DKAP acutely, subchronically and on longer‐terms. IR‐AEs displayed more efficient acute and subchronic blood glucose level (BGL) reduction than a conventional extraction method, which might be attributed to IR‐AE superiority in extraction of active ingredients. AP showed more‐significant and dose‐dependent increase in serum‐insulin, CAT‐levels and body‐weights more prominent than those of DKAP. Alpha‐glucosidase and LPO levels were inhibited with AP‐groups more‐significantly. Conclusion In comparison to conventional‐methods, IR‐AE appeared to be an efficient and time‐conserving novel extraction method. The antidiabetic‐potentials of pomace and detoxified‐kernels of P. armeniaca were probably mediated via the attenuation of glucose‐provoked oxidative‐stress, the inhibition of alpha‐glucosidase and the marked insulin‐secretagogue effect. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.