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Supercritical CO 2 Extraction of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Flowers: Optimisation of Oxygenated Monoterpenes, Coumarin and Herniarin Content
Author(s) -
Jerković Igor,
Molnar Maja,
Vidović Senka,
Vladić Jelena,
Jokić Stela
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
phytochemical analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1099-1565
pISSN - 0958-0344
DOI - 10.1002/pca.2705
Subject(s) - chemistry , chromatography , extraction (chemistry) , borneol , supercritical fluid , linalool , coumarin , camphor , linalyl acetate , supercritical carbon dioxide , response surface methodology , supercritical fluid extraction , lavandula , essential oil , yield (engineering) , organic chemistry , lavender , medicine , materials science , alternative medicine , pathology , traditional chinese medicine , metallurgy
Lavandula angustifolia is good source of oxygenated monoterpenes containing coumarins as well, which are all soluble in supercritical CO 2 (SC‐CO 2 ). Objective The study objective is to investigate SC‐CO 2 extraction parameters on: the total yield; GC–MS profile of the extracts; relative content of oxygenated monoterpenes; the amount of coumarin and herniarin; and to determine optimal SC‐CO 2 extraction conditions by response surface methodology (RSM). Methodology. SC‐CO 2 extraction was performed under different pressure, temperature and CO 2 flow rate determined by Box–Behnken design (BBD). The sample mass and the extraction time were kept constant. The chemical profiles and relative content of oxygenated monoterpenes (as coumarin equivalents, CE) were determined by GC–MS. Coumarin and herniarin concentrations were dosed by HPLC. Results SC‐CO 2 extracts contained linalool (57.4–217.9 mg CE/100 g), camphor (10.6–154.4 mg CE/100 g), borneol (6.2–99.9 mg CE/100 g), 1,8‐cineole (5.0–70.4 mg CE/100 g), linalyl acetate (86.1–267.9 mg CE/100 g), coumarin (0.95–18.16 mg/100 g), and herniarin (0.95–13.63 mg/100 g). The interaction between the pressure and CO 2 flow rate as well as between the temperature and CO 2 flow rate showed statistically significant influence on the extraction yield. Applying BBD, the optimum extraction conditions for higher monoterpenes and lower coumarin content were at 10 MPa, 41°C and CO 2 flow rate 2.3 kg/h, and at 30 MPa, 50°C and CO 2 flow rate 3 kg/h for higher monoterpenes and coumarin content. Conclusion SC‐CO 2 extraction is a viable technique for obtaining lavender extracts with desirable flavour components. The second‐order model based on BBD predicts the results for SC‐CO 2 extraction quite satisfactorily. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.