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Multi‐response optimisation of ultrasound‐assisted extraction for recovery of flavonoids from red grape skins using response surface methodology
Author(s) -
Tomaz Ivana,
Maslov Luna,
Stupić Domagoj,
Preiner Darko,
Ašperger Danijela,
Karoglan Kontić Jasminka
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
phytochemical analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1099-1565
pISSN - 0958-0344
DOI - 10.1002/pca.2582
Subject(s) - chemistry , response surface methodology , chromatography , extraction (chemistry) , ultrasound , physics , acoustics
For the characterisation of grape cultivars, the profile and content of flavonoids are important because these compounds impact grape and wine quality. To determine the correct profile and content of flavonoids, the use of robust, sensitive and reliable methods is necessary. Objective The object of this research is to develop a new ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) method for the recovery of flavonoids from grape skins using response surface methodology. Method Optimisation of UAE was performed using a complementary study combining a Box‐Behnken experimental design with qualitative analysis by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Results Optimal extraction conditions were obtained using the extraction solvent composed of acetonitrile:water:formic acid (26:73:1, v/v/v) at an extraction temperature of 50°C, an extraction time of 15 min in a single‐extraction step and with a solid‐to‐solvent ratio of 1:80 g/mL. The calculated relative standard deviations for the optimal extraction method were very low, measuring less than 5%. Conclusions This study demonstrates that numerous factors have strong effects on the extraction efficiency, including the type of organic modifier and its percentage in the extraction solvent, the number of extraction steps, the solid‐to‐solvent ratio, the extraction time and temperature and, finally, the particular nature of analyte and their position within the grape skin cell. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.