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Piper betle Leaves: Profiling Phenolic Compounds by HPLC/DAD–ESI/MS n and Anti‐cholinesterase Activity
Author(s) -
Ferreres Federico,
Oliveira Andreia P.,
GilIzquierdo Angel,
Valentão Patrícia,
Andrade Paula B.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
phytochemical analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1099-1565
pISSN - 0958-0344
DOI - 10.1002/pca.2515
Subject(s) - chemistry , apigenin , butyrylcholinesterase , piper , chromatography , electrospray ionization , cholinesterase , high performance liquid chromatography , tyrosinase , traditional medicine , flavonoid , antioxidant , aché , pharmacology , organic chemistry , enzyme , mass spectrometry , acetylcholinesterase , medicine
Piper betle L. is a widely distributed plant in the tropical and subtropical regions, its leaves being largely consumed as a masticator and mouth freshener. Objective The purposes of this work were to characterise the phenolic profile of this species and to improve knowledge of its anti‐cholinesterase properties. Methods The phenolic composition of P. betle leaf aqueous and ethanol extracts was characterised by HPLC coupled with a diode‐array detector and combined with electrospray ionisation tandem MS, and in vitro cholinesterase inhibitory capacity of both extracts was assessed by spectrophotometric microassays. The effect on neuronal cells (SH‐SY5Y) viability was evaluated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction and lactate dehydrogenase leakage. Results Twelve phenolic compounds, comprising a phenylpropanoid, five cinnamoyl and six flavonoids derivatives were identified in P. betle leaves. Hydroxychavicol was the major compound in both extracts; however, the aqueous extract presented a greater diversity of compounds. Both extracts showed strong activity against both acetyl‐ and butyrylcholinesterase, which can be due, at least partially, to the phenolic composition. Furthermore, the aqueous extract proved to be cytotoxic to human neuroblastoma cells at concentrations higher than 500 µg/mL. Conclusion The results suggest that the consumption of P. betle leaves as an infusion can have a positive impact in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Apigenin and luteolin derivatives are reported for the first time in this species. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.