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Efficiency of Different Solvents on the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from the Amazonian Fruit Caryocar villosum and the Effect on its Antioxidant and Colour Properties
Author(s) -
Chisté Renan Campos,
Toledo Benassi Marta,
Mercadante Adriana Zerlotti
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
phytochemical analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.574
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1099-1565
pISSN - 0958-0344
DOI - 10.1002/pca.2489
Subject(s) - chemistry , gallic acid , trolox , polyphenol , food science , carotenoid , ethanol , trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity , antioxidant , catechin , botany , organic chemistry , antioxidant capacity , biology
Caryocar villosum has been reported as a source of bioactive compounds that can be used as a potential product against oxidative damage in foods or biological systems. Objective To obtain extracts from fruit pulps of C . villosum with high levels of bioactive compounds that have both antioxidant and colour properties. Method The contents of bioactive compounds (total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, carotenoids and tocopherols), the colour parameters, the scavenging capacity against peroxyl radicals (ROO • ) and the quenching activity against singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) were determined. All data were used for extract classification by applying principal components analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Results The water and ethanol:water (1:1, v/v) extracts presented the highest levels of total phenolic compounds (9.2 and 6.3 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract, respectively), total flavonoids (3.8 and 2.5 mg catechin equivalent/g extract, respectively) and total tannins (7.6 and 2.4 mg tannic acid equivalent/g extract, respectively). The ethanol:water (1:1, v/v) extract also showed the highest scavenging capacity against ROO • (0.3 mmol trolox equivalent/g extract) and the highest protection against 1 O 2 (12.5%). On the other hand, the ethanol extracts, which were the most vivid and yellow colour ( C * ab = 13.7 and b * = 13.3), presented the highest level of total carotenoids (0.1 mg/g), but low scavenging capacity against ROO • (0.01 mmol trolox equivalent/g extract). Conclusion Based on these results and depending on the applicability, the ethanol:water, water and ethanol are the most promising solvents to obtain C . villosum extracts with high contents of bioactive compounds, ROO • scavenging capacity and protection against 1 O 2 . Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.