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Evaluating the performance of citric acid as stabilizer and doping agent in an environment friendly approach to prepare electromagnetic nanocomposite particles
Author(s) -
Debnath Mithun Kumar,
Rahman Mohammad Abdur,
Tauer Klaus,
Minami Hideto,
Rahman Mohammad Mahbubor,
Gafur Mohammad Abdul,
Ahmad Hasan
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
polymer composites
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.577
H-Index - 82
eISSN - 1548-0569
pISSN - 0272-8397
DOI - 10.1002/pc.24577
Subject(s) - nanocomposite , materials science , citric acid , aniline , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , polymerization , chemical engineering , nanoparticle , superparamagnetism , nuclear chemistry , polymer , magnetization , organic chemistry , composite material , nanotechnology , chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics , magnetic field , engineering
The objective of this investigation is to find a less‐expensive and less‐toxic environmentally benign route for the preparation of magnetic PANI nanocomposite particles. For this citric acid, a weak organic tricarboxylic acid has been used during seeded chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in presence of variable amounts of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. Nanosized Fe 3 O 4 particles are first prepared by co‐precipitation of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ from their alkaline solutions. Then in the second step, magnetic nanocomposite particles—named as Fe 3 O 4 /PANI—are prepared by seeded chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline using ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant. Independent of Fe 3 O 4 content, Fe 3 O 4 /PANI nanocomposite particles possessed comparable high electrical conductivity having the same magnitude as HCl‐doped PANI particles (2.13 × 10 −3 S/cm). This result suggested that addition of citric acid during seeded chemical oxidative polymerization not only promoted solubilization of aniline but also functioned as stabilizer and doping agent. Iron oxide content critically influenced the stability, morphology, and magnetic properties of the produced nanocomposite particles. The saturation magnetization and magnetic susceptibility increased with the increase of Fe 3 O 4 content. The nanocomposite particles prepared with core/shell ratio of 0.6/1 (w/w) exhibited the strongest paramagnetism and aligned into fiber‐like structure. The analysis of electromagnetic properties and spectral data from FTIR, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetry (TG) confirmed the complete coverage of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles by PANI layer. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:4628–4636, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers