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Preparation of borate–modified expandable graphite and its flame retardancy on acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene resin
Author(s) -
Pang Xiuyan,
Shi Xiuzhu,
Kang Xiaoou,
Duan Mingwei,
Weng Mengqi
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
polymer composites
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.577
H-Index - 82
eISSN - 1548-0569
pISSN - 0272-8397
DOI - 10.1002/pc.23461
Subject(s) - ammonium polyphosphate , materials science , intumescent , pentaerythritol , fire retardant , graphite , thermal stability , composite material , melamine , zinc borate , char , composite number , boron , intercalation (chemistry) , acrylonitrile , chemical engineering , pyrolysis , polymer , organic chemistry , copolymer , chemistry , engineering
A borate‐modified expandable graphite (written as MEG) was prepared through one step intercalating reaction of natural graphite, using KMnO 4 as oxidant, H 2 SO 4 and sodium tetraborate as intercalator and assistant intercalator, respectively. The dilatability, structure, element contents, thermal stability, and flame retardancy on acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) were investigated. Compared with the normal expandable graphite (written as EG, which was prepared with only H 2 SO 4 as intercalator), the results show that MEG exhibits higher expandable property, thermal stability and flame retardancy on ABS. The EDS, FT‐IR, and XRD results reveal that borate has been inserted into graphite layers. With the addition of MEG or EG at a 30 wt%, LOI of 70ABS/30MEG composite improved to 27.9%, 2.2% higher than that of 70ABS/30EG. Moreover, the synergistic effect between MEG and traditional intumescent flame retardant (IFR, consists of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), pentaerythritol (PER), and melamine (MEL) with a mass ratio of 7.5:4.5:3.0) improves the LOI of 70ABS/15MEG/15IFR composite to 32.6%, and the UL‐94 level reaches V‐0. This synergistic efficiency is attributed to the formation of continuous and compact residual char. Addition of MEG together with IFR changes the ABS pyrolysis behavior, and there is not only physical synergy, but also chemical reaction. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:2673–2683, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers