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The gut microbiome in pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Author(s) -
Masetti Riccardo,
Zama Daniele,
Leardini Davide,
Muratore Edoardo,
Turroni Silvia,
Prete Arcangelo,
Brigidi Patrizia,
Pession Andrea
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
pediatric blood and cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.116
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1545-5017
pISSN - 1545-5009
DOI - 10.1002/pbc.28711
Subject(s) - medicine , hematopoietic stem cell transplantation , context (archaeology) , transplantation , stem cell , microbiome , cohort , haematopoiesis , population , immunology , incidence (geometry) , intensive care medicine , bioinformatics , biology , environmental health , paleontology , genetics , physics , optics
The gut microbiome (GM) has been associated with different clinical outcomes in the context of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Large multicenter cohort studies in adults have found significant correlations with overall survival, relapse, and incidence of complications. Moreover, GM is already a promising target for therapeutic interventions. However, few data are available in children, a population presenting unique features and challenges. During childhood, the GM evolves rapidly with large structural fluctuations, alongside with the maturation of the immune system. Furthermore, the HSCT procedure presents significant differences in children. These considerations underline the importance of a specific focus on the pediatric setting, and the role of GM and its age‐dependent trajectory in influencing the immunity reconstitution and clinical outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the available evidence in the field of GM and pediatric HSCT, highlighting age‐specific issues and discussing GM‐based therapeutic approaches.