Outcome is unchanged by adding vincristine upfront to the Malawi 28‐day protocol for endemic Burkitt lymphoma

Background We previously reported a 28‐day treatment protocol for children with endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) which included four doses of cyclophosphamide (CPM), intrathecal methotrexate and hydrocortisone (IT MTX/HC) at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) in Malawi which resulted in an Event‐Free Survival (EFS) of 50% at 1 year. Methods In an attempt to improve survival whilst maintaining acceptable toxicity, brevity, low‐cost and a standard treatment for all patients, four doses of vincristine (VCR) at 1.5 mg/m 2 were added to the backbone of CPM 40 mg/kg on day 1 and 60 mg/kg on days 8,18 and 28 and IT MTX /HC 12.5 mg on days 1,8,18 and 28. Results Seventy cytology confirmed cases of BL, 42 males and 28 females with a median age of 80 years, were treated with this protocol between January 2010 and April 2012. Four percent had St Jude Stage I disease; 29% Stage II; 30% Stage III and 37% Stage IV. Disease site in order of frequency was face (64%); abdomen (47%); CSF (26%) and paraspinal (17%). There were two on‐treatment deaths. Sixty‐three percent required antibiotics and 19% required blood transfusion. Eighty‐one percent of patients achieved complete clinical remission at day 28. Overall predicted EFS at 1 year was 48%; 100% in Stage I, 83% in Stage II, 24% in Stage III and 32% in Stage IV disease. EFS was significantly worse in patients with Stage III/IV disease ( P  = 0.002) and paraplegia ( P  = 0.002). Conclusion The addition of vincristine to the Malawi 28 day BL treatment protocol did not improve survival. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.