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Nrf2 augments skeletal muscle regeneration after ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Author(s) -
AlSawaf Othman,
Fragoulis Athanassios,
Rosen Christian,
Keimes Nora,
Liehn Elisa Anamaria,
Hölzle Frank,
Kan Yuet Wai,
Pufe Thomas,
Sönmez Tolga Taha,
Wruck Christoph Jan
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
the journal of pathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.964
H-Index - 184
eISSN - 1096-9896
pISSN - 0022-3417
DOI - 10.1002/path.4418
Subject(s) - myogenin , myod , skeletal muscle , regeneration (biology) , microbiology and biotechnology , myocyte , myogenic regulatory factors , biology , myod protein , population , regulator , myogenesis , endocrinology , medicine , biochemistry , environmental health , gene
Skeletal muscles harbour a resident population of stem cells, termed satellite cells ( SCs ). After trauma, SCs leave their quiescent state to enter the cell cycle and undergo multiple rounds of proliferation, a process regulated by MyoD . To initiate differentiation, fusion and maturation to new skeletal muscle fibres, SCs up‐regulate myogenin. However, the regulation of these myogenic factors is not fully understood. In this study we demonstrate that Nrf2, a major regulator of oxidative stress defence, plays a role in the expression of these myogenic factors. In both promoter studies with myoblasts and a mouse model of muscle injury in Nrf2 ‐deficient mice, we show that Nrf2 prolongs SC proliferation by up‐regulating MyoD and suppresses SC differentiation by down‐regulating myogenin. Moreover, we show that IL ‐6 and HGF , both factors that facilitate SC activation, induce Nrf2 activity in myoblasts. Thus, Nrf2 activity promotes muscle regeneration by modulating SC proliferation and differentiation and thereby provides implications for tissue regeneration.Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.