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Use of mutation profiles to refine the classification of endometrial carcinomas
Author(s) -
McConechy Melissa K,
Ding Jiarui,
Cheang Maggie CU,
Wiegand Kimberly C,
Senz Janine,
Tone Alicia A,
Yang Winnie,
Prentice Leah M,
Tse Kane,
Zeng Thomas,
McDonald Helen,
Schmidt Amy P,
Mutch David G,
McAlpine Jessica N,
Hirst Martin,
Shah Sohrab P,
Lee ChengHan,
Goodfellow Paul J,
Gilks C Blake,
Huntsman David G
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
the journal of pathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.964
H-Index - 184
eISSN - 1096-9896
pISSN - 0022-3417
DOI - 10.1002/path.4056
Subject(s) - pten , kras , serous fluid , carcinosarcoma , arid1a , cancer research , carcinoma , mutation , clear cell , endometrial cancer , serous carcinoma , biology , gene mutation , oncology , gene , pathology , medicine , cancer , genetics , pi3k/akt/mtor pathway , apoptosis , ovarian cancer
The classification of endometrial carcinomas is based on pathological assessment of tumour cell type; the different cell types (endometrioid, serous, carcinosarcoma, mixed, undifferentiated, and clear cell) are associated with distinct molecular alterations. This current classification system for high‐grade subtypes, in particular the distinction between high‐grade endometrioid (EEC‐3) and serous carcinomas (ESC), is limited in its reproducibility and prognostic abilities. Therefore, a search for specific molecular classifiers to improve endometrial carcinoma subclassification is warranted. We performed target enrichment sequencing on 393 endometrial carcinomas from two large cohorts, sequencing exons from the following nine genes: ARID1A, PPP2R1A, PTEN, PIK3CA, KRAS, CTNNB1, TP53, BRAF , and PPP2R5C . Based on this gene panel, each endometrial carcinoma subtype shows a distinct mutation profile. EEC‐3s have significantly different frequencies of PTEN and TP53 mutations when compared to low‐grade endometrioid carcinomas. ESCs and EEC‐3s are distinct subtypes with significantly different frequencies of mutations in PTEN, ARID1A, PPP2R1A, TP53 , and CTNNB1 . From the mutation profiles, we were able to identify subtype outliers, ie cases diagnosed morphologically as one subtype but with a mutation profile suggestive of a different subtype. Careful review of these diagnostically challenging cases suggested that the original morphological classification was incorrect in most instances. The molecular profile of carcinosarcomas suggests two distinct mutation profiles for these tumours: endometrioid‐type ( PTEN, PIK3CA, ARID1A, KRAS mutations) and serous‐type ( TP53 and PPP2R1A mutations). While this nine‐gene panel does not allow for a purely molecularly based classification of endometrial carcinoma, it may prove useful as an adjunct to morphological classification and serve as an aid in the classification of problematic cases. If used in practice, it may lead to improved diagnostic reproducibility and may also serve to stratify patients for targeted therapeutics. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.