Premium
Hunting the primary: novel strategies for defining the origin of tumours
Author(s) -
Dennis Jayne L,
Oien Karin A
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
the journal of pathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.964
H-Index - 184
eISSN - 1096-9896
pISSN - 0022-3417
DOI - 10.1002/path.1702
Subject(s) - dna microarray , profiling (computer programming) , cluster analysis , computer science , gene expression profiling , computational biology , principal component analysis , identification (biology) , linear discriminant analysis , expression (computer science) , artificial intelligence , data mining , pattern recognition (psychology) , bioinformatics , biology , gene expression , gene , genetics , botany , programming language , operating system
In 1995, two methods of genome‐wide expression profiling were first described: expression microarrays and serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). In the subsequent 10 years, many hundreds of papers have been published describing the application of these technologies to a wide spectrum of biological and clinical questions. Common to all of this research is a basic process of data gathering and analysis. The techniques and statistical and bio‐informatic tools involved in this process are reviewed. The processes of class discovery (using clustering and self‐organizing maps), class prediction (weighted voting, k nearest neighbour, support vector machines, and artificial neural networks), target identification (fold change, discriminant analysis, and principal component analysis), and target validation (RT‐PCR and tissue microarrays) are described. Finally, the diagnostic problem of adenocarcinomas that present as metastases of unknown origin is reviewed, and it is demonstrated how integration of expression profiling techniques promises to throw new light on this important clinical challenge. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.