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X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of charge transfer interactions in electroactive polyaniline
Author(s) -
Tan K. L.,
Kang E. T.,
Neoh K. G.
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
polymers for advanced technologies
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.61
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1099-1581
pISSN - 1042-7147
DOI - 10.1002/pat.1994.220050305
Subject(s) - protonation , polyaniline , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , materials science , polymer , photochemistry , polymer chemistry , chemistry , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , ion , polymerization , engineering , composite material
Four modes of charge transfer interactions in polyaniline (PAN), viz. acid protonation, self‐doping, charge transfer interactions with organic acceptors, and charge transfer interactions with surface grafted functional polymers have been studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the case of acid protonation, the protonation behavior of volatile and non‐volatile acid differs. The structures of sulfonated leucomeraldine (LM) and nigraniline (NA) are similar to those of sulfonated and self‐protonated emeraldine (EM). A substantially higher degree of charge transfer interaction with the organic acceptors is observed for EM film that has been subjected to one cycle of acid/base treatment. The charge transfer interactions with the organic acceptors have proceeded further than the pure formation of molecular complexes. Both pristine and Ar plasma or O 3 pretreated EM films are susceptible to surface modifications by graft copolymerization. The protonic acid functional groups of the graft readily give rise to a self‐protonated EM surface.