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Economic and social determinants of carbon emissions: Evidence from organization of petroleum exporting countries
Author(s) -
Coskuner Cagay,
Paskeh Mersedeh K.,
OlasehindeWilliams Godwin,
Akadiri Seyi S.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of public affairs
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.221
H-Index - 20
eISSN - 1479-1854
pISSN - 1472-3891
DOI - 10.1002/pa.2092
Subject(s) - cointegration , economics , kuznets curve , greenhouse gas , per capita , urbanization , ordinary least squares , fossil fuel , panel data , consumption (sociology) , liquefied petroleum gas , natural resource economics , international economics , macroeconomics , econometrics , economic growth , ecology , chemistry , organic chemistry , population , social science , demography , sociology , biology
This research investigates the economic and social determinants of carbon emissions in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) over the period 1995–2016. The study particularly examines the link between CO 2 emissions and four socio‐economic variables (per‐capita GDP, urbanisation, fossil fuel energy consumption and international trade). A long‐run relationship amongst these variables is confirmed by Kao, Pedroni and Johansen panel cointegration tests. Fully modified ordinary least squares outcomes show that the relationship between CO 2 emission and GDP is non‐linear in OPEC countries and follows the inverted U‐shape suggested by the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Also, urbanisation is responsible for a significant proportion of carbon emissions in OPEC countries. As expected, fossil fuel energy consumption is a significant positive driver of carbon emission. International trade significantly contributes to carbon emissions within OPEC member countries.