Open AccessGreen and Red Fluorescent Dyes for Translational Applications in Imaging and Sensing Analytes: A Dual‐Color Flag
Author(s) -
Oliveira Elisabete,
Bértolo Emilia,
Núñez Cristina,
Pilla Viviane,
Santos Hugo M.,
FernándezLodeiro Javier,
FernándezLodeiro Adrian,
Djafari Jamila,
Capelo José Luis,
Lodeiro Carlos
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
chemistryopen
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.644
H-Index - 29
ISSN - 2191-1363
DOI - 10.1002/open.201700135
Subject(s) - cyanine , nile red , fluorescence , bodipy , perylene , chromophore , acridine orange , photochemistry , chemistry , rhodamine , nanotechnology , materials science , organic chemistry , biochemistry , molecule , apoptosis , physics , quantum mechanics
Red and green are two of the most‐preferred colors from the entire chromatic spectrum, and red and green dyes are widely used in biochemistry, immunohistochemistry, immune‐staining, and nanochemistry applications. Selective dyes with green and red excitable chromophores can be used in biological environments, such as tissues and cells, and can be irradiated with visible light without cell damage. This critical review, covering a period of five years, provides an overview of the most‐relevant results on the use of red and green fluorescent dyes in the fields of bio‐, chemo‐ and nanoscience. The review focuses on fluorescent dyes containing chromophores such as fluorescein, rhodamine, cyanine, boron–dipyrromethene (BODIPY), 7‐nitobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole‐4‐yl, naphthalimide, acridine orange, perylene diimides, coumarins, rosamine, Nile red, naphthalene diimide, distyrylpyridinium, benzophosphole P‐oxide, benzoresorufins, and tetrapyrrolic macrocycles. Metal complexes and nanomaterials with these dyes are also discussed.