Open AccessFluorinated Boron‐Dipyrromethene (BODIPY) Dyes: Bright and Versatile Probes for Surface Analysis
Author(s) -
Hecht Mandy,
Fischer Tobias,
Dietrich Paul,
Kraus Werner,
Descalzo Ana B.,
Unger Wolfgang E. S.,
Rurack Knut
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
chemistryopen
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.644
H-Index - 29
ISSN - 2191-1363
DOI - 10.1002/open.201200039
Subject(s) - bodipy , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , fluorescence , chemistry , boron , photochemistry , fluorescence spectroscopy , surface modification , organic chemistry , chemical engineering , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering
A family of bright boron‐dipyrromethene‐type fluorophores with a high number of fluorine atoms (F‐BODIPYs) has been developed and characterized by X‐ray crystallography and optical spectroscopy. The introduction of 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and pentafluorophenyl moieties significantly enhances the photostability of such dyes, yielding for instance photostable near‐infrared (NIR) fluorophores that show emission maxima>750 nm, when the BODIPY’s π system is extended with two (dimethylamino)styryl and (dimethylamino)naphthastyryl moieties, or green‐emitting BODIPYs with fluorescence quantum yields of unity. When equipped with a suitable group that selectively reacts for instance with amines, F‐BODIPYs can be used as potent dual labels for the quantification of primary amino groups on surfaces by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fluorescence, two powerful yet complementary tools for the analysis of organic surface functional groups. The advantage of reactive F‐BODIPYs is that they allow a fast and non‐destructive mapping of the labelled supports with conventional fluorescence scanners and a subsequent quantification of selected areas of the same sample by the potentially traceable XPS technique. The performance is exemplarily shown here for the assessment of the amino group density on SiO 2 supports, one of the most common reactive silica supports, in particular, for standard microarray applications.