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C‐section birth increases offspring obesity risk dependent on maternal diet and obesity status in rats
Author(s) -
Cho Nicole A.,
Sales Kate M.,
Sampsell Kara,
Wang Weilan,
Noye Tuplin Erin W.,
Lowry Dana E.,
Reimer Raylene A.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1002/oby.23258
Subject(s) - offspring , obesity , endocrinology , medicine , biology , gut flora , pregnancy , lactation , physiology , immunology , genetics
Objective The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that shapes host metabolism, especially in early life. Maternal vaginal and gut microbiota is vertically transmitted to offspring during natural birth. Offspring born by cesarean section (CS) do not receive these bacteria and exhibit higher obesity risk later in life. The objective of this study was to examine differences in obesity risk between offspring born naturally (NB) or by CS to lean/obese dams. Methods Lean and obese rat dams gave birth to offspring naturally or by CS. Offspring obesity risk was analyzed via body weight/composition, food intake, sucrose preference, gut microbiota, and gene expression in gut and brain tissues. Results Obese (O)+CS offspring showed greater weight gain and caloric intake but a reduction in hypothalamic agouti related neuropeptide, neuropeptide Y, and interleukin 1β expression compared with O+NB offspring. Lean (L)+CS offspring had higher serum corticosterone concentration and reduced liver peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ expression compared with L+NB. O+CS offspring had long‐term alterations to gut microbiota, including increased relative abundance of Faecalibaculum and reduced Muribaculaceae. Conclusions Overall, CS alters obesity risk differentially based on maternal obesity status. Further studies looking at the risks of obesity associated with CS are needed, with special attention paid to maternal obesity status and gut microbiota.