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A single bout of exercise improves vascular insulin sensitivity in adults with obesity
Author(s) -
Heiston Emily M.,
Liu Zhenqi,
Ballantyne Anna,
Kranz Sibylle,
Malin Steven K.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1002/oby.23229
Subject(s) - medicine , endocrinology , insulin , glucose clamp technique , crossover study , brachial artery , insulin sensitivity , insulin resistance , blood pressure , placebo , alternative medicine , pathology
Abstract Objective This crossover study explored the impact of a single bout of exercise on insulin‐stimulated responses in conduit arteries and capillaries. Methods Twelve sedentary adults (49.5 [7.8] years; maximal oxygen consumption [VO 2 max]: 23.7 [5.4] mL/kg/min) with obesity (BMI 34.5 [4.3] kg/m 2 ) completed a control and exercise bout (70% VO 2 max to expend 400 kcal). Sixteen hours later, participants underwent a 2‐hour euglycemic‐hyperinsulinemic clamp (90 mg/dL; 40 mU/m 2 /min) to determine vascular and metabolic insulin sensitivity. Endothelial and capillary functions were assessed by brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound, respectively. Metabolized glucose infusion rate, substrate oxidation (indirect calorimetry), nonoxidative glucose disposal (NOGD), and inflammation were also determined. Results Exercise increased insulin‐stimulated preocclusion diameter ( p = 0.01) and microvascular blood flow (condition effect: p = 0.04) compared with control. Furthermore, exercise improved metabolic insulin sensitivity by 21%, which paralleled rises in NOGD ( p = 0.05) and decreases in soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products (condition effect: p = 0.01). Interestingly, changes in NOGD were related to increased insulin‐stimulated microvascular blood flow ( r = 0.57, p = 0.05). Conclusions A single bout of exercise increases vascular insulin sensitivity in adults with obesity. Additional work is needed to determine vascular responses following different doses of exercise in order to design lifestyle prescriptions for reducing chronic disease risk.