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Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Factors Over 6 Years in Young Adults in a Randomized Trial of Weight Gain Prevention
Author(s) -
Wing Rena R.,
Espeland Mark A.,
Tate Deborah F.,
Perdue Letitia H.,
Bahnson Judy,
Polzien Kristen,
Ferguson Robichaud Erica,
LaRose Jessica Gokee,
Gorin Amy A.,
Lewis Cora E.,
Jelalian Elissa
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1002/oby.23003
Subject(s) - medicine , weight gain , randomized controlled trial , weight loss , weight change , obesity , psychological intervention , adverse effect , young adult , physical therapy , body weight , psychiatry
Objective This study aimed to determine the impact of weight gain prevention interventions on changes in cardiovascular risk factors over 6 years. Methods The Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP) randomized 599 participants (ages 18‐35; 46% with BMI 21‐25; 54% with BMI 25‐30) to Large Changes (produce buffer by losing 5‐10 pounds initially), Small Changes (daily small changes in intake and activity) or Control and followed 355 participants with ongoing intervention and assessments through 6 years. Results There were no significant differences among interventions for changes in weight or cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors from baseline to 6 years. However, 44% of participants gained ≥5%, and only 14% lost ≥5% over 6 years. Weight changes, from baseline to year 6, were significantly associated with changes in risk factors, especially insulin and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Earlier weight changes (e.g., weight cycling) had no beneficial or adverse effect on changes in CVD risk factors at 6 years, independent of 6‐year weight changes. Conclusions Despite participation in a weight gain prevention trial, almost half of these young adults gained ≥5% or more over 6 years, with significant worsening in CVD risk factors. Greater attention to long‐term weight gain prevention in young adults is needed.